What Motion to File When an Element of Negligence is Unsubstantiated?

Question from Bob, What Motion to File When an Element of Negligence is Unsubstantiated?

Answer from AI:

When an attorney realizes that the opposing party has failed to substantiate an element of a cause of action for negligence during a trial, the appropriate legal move is to file a Motion for Directed Verdict or, depending on the jurisdiction and the timing within the trial, a Motion for Summary Judgment. Understanding when and how to file these motions is crucial for legal practitioners and can significantly impact the outcome of a case.

Motion for Directed Verdict

A Motion for Directed Verdict, also known in some jurisdictions as a Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law, is typically filed after the plaintiff has presented their case but before the case is sent to the jury. This motion argues that:

1. The plaintiff has failed to provide sufficient evidence to prove one or more essential elements of their negligence claim.
2. Given the evidence presented, no reasonable jury could find in the plaintiff’s favor on that issue.

The court, in considering this motion, will view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party (in this case, the plaintiff). If the court finds that indeed the evidence does not support a necessary element of the negligence claim, it may grant the motion, effectively deciding the case in favor of the defendant without it going to the jury.

Motion for Summary Judgment

A Motion for Summary Judgment is generally filed before the trial begins, during the pre-trial phase. However, it can also be relevant if new evidence comes to light during the trial that conclusively proves that one party cannot meet its legal burden of proof. This motion asserts that:

• There are no genuine disputes as to any material facts of the case.
• The moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

This motion can be filed by either party and, if granted, results in a judgment on the disputed issues or the entire case without a trial.

Choosing the Right Motion

The decision on whether to file a Motion for Directed Verdict or a Motion for Summary Judgment depends on the timing and the specific circumstances of the case. It’s important to note that these motions are subject to strict procedural rules regarding how and when they must be filed. Failure to adhere to these rules can result in the denial of the motion.

Legal Advice Is Key

While understanding the general strategy behind these motions is helpful, legal advice from a qualified attorney is essential when deciding to file such motions. An attorney can provide:

• Guidance on the timing and appropriateness of the motion.
• Assistance in drafting the motion, ensuring it meets all legal and procedural requirements.
• Advice on how the motion fits into the broader strategy of the case.

For more detailed information on negligence and related legal procedures, the Legal Information Institute’s overview of negligence is a helpful resource. Additionally, consulting the United States Courts website can provide further guidance on federal procedural rules, though remember that state-specific rules may vary.

In conclusion, when an element of a cause of action for negligence is unsubstantiated during a trial, the defense attorney should consider filing a Motion for Directed Verdict or a Motion for Summary Judgment, depending on the case’s circumstances. However, the complexity of legal strategy and procedural rules underscores the importance of seeking professional legal advice.